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COURSE_ASSIGNMENT_TITLE >> 9. Läs artikeln ”Att klara upp ord”, avsnittet ”Stegen för att klara upp ett ord”

ORDUPPKLARING

Ett missförstått ord kommer att förbli missförstått tills man klarar upp betydelsen av ordet. När väl ordet är fullständigt förstått av personen, sägs det vara uppklarat.

De metoder som man använder för att hitta och klara upp ord som den studerande har missförstått i sina studier, kallas orduppklaring . Det första man måste lära sig är den exakta proceduren för att klara upp vilket som helst ord eller vilken som helst symbol som man stöter på och som man inte förstår när man läser eller studerar. All orduppklaringsteknologi använder denna procedur.

Stegen för att klara upp ett ord

1. Ha en ordbok till hands när du läser, så att du kan klara upp alla missförstådda ord och symboler som du stöter på. En enkel men bra ordbok som inte innehåller svåra ord i sina definitioner av orden, vilka också måste klaras upp, går att få tag på.

2. När du stöter på ett ord eller en symbol som du inte förstår, slå upp det i en ordbok och ögna snabbt igenom definitionerna för att hitta den definition som passar i det sammanhang där ordet missförstods. Läs definitionen och använd ordet i meningar med den betydelsen tills du har ett klart begrepp av den betydelsen av ordet. Det kan krävas tio meningar eller fler.

3. Klara sedan upp alla de andra definitionerna av ordet och använd var och en i meningar tills du klart och tydligt förstår varje definition.

När ett ord har flera olika definitioner, kan man inte begränsa sin förståelse av ordet till enbart en enda definition och kalla ordet ”förstått”. Man måste kunna förstå ordet när det, vid ett senare tillfälle, används på ett annat sätt.

Klara emellertid inte upp tekniska definitioner eller specialdefinitioner (matematik, biologi osv.) eller föråldrade (ej längre använda) eller ålderdomliga (gamla, och ej längre i allmänt bruk) definitioner, såvida ordet inte används på det sättet i det sammanhang där det missförstods. Om du gör detta, kan det leda till många andra ord som ingår i dessa definitioner och det kan i hög grad bromsa upp dina studieframsteg.

4. Därnäst skall du klara upp härledningen, vilket är förklaringen till varifrån ordet ursprungligen kom. Detta kommer att hjälpa dig att få en grundläggande förståelse av ordet.

5. De flesta ordböcker tar upp ett ords idiom. Ett idiom är en fras eller ett uttryck vars betydelse man inte kan förstå utifrån ordens vanliga betydelse. ”Ge igen” är till exempel ett svenskt idiom som betyder ”hämnas”. En hel del ord i språket används i idiomatiska uttryck, och dessa tas vanligen upp efter definitionerna av själva ordet. Om det finns idiom för det ord som du klarar upp, ska de också klaras upp.

6. Klara upp all annan information som ges om ordet, såsom anmärkningar om språkbruk, synonymer osv., så att du får en fullständig förståelse av ordet. (En synonym är ett ord som har liknande men inte samma betydelse som ett annat ord, till exempel: ”smärt” och ”smal”.)

7. Om du stöter på ett missförstått ord eller en missförstådd symbol i definitionen av ett ord som klaras upp, måste du genast klara upp det genom att använda samma procedur och därefter återvända till den definition som du höll på att klara upp. (Ordbokssymboler och -förkortningar förklaras vanligtvis i början av ordboken.) Om du märker att du lägger ner mycket tid på att klara upp ord inuti definitioner av ord, bör du emellertid skaffa en enklare ordbok. Med en bra ordbok kan du klara upp ett ord utan att behöva slå upp en mängd andra ord under processen.

Exempel på hur man klarar upp ett ord
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Alla ord ska klaras upp på ovanstående sätt. När ord är förstådda, kan kommunikation ske, och med hjälp av kommunikation kan man förstå vilket ämne som helst.